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Virtual Array™ Design Concepts


VA Loudspeakers

At EAW the multiple loudspeaker problem was addressed head-on by designing loudspeakers specifically intended to function together in multiples. In this context, the VA concept was born.

VA loudspeakers are three-way systems built around the innovative EAW midrange horn and phase plug. This approach is based on maximizing realistic reproduction of the critical mid-frequency range of 250 Hz to 3 kHz which spans the human vocal range. Two-way loudspeakers typically employ a crossover frequency within this range, dividing the vocal range between different transducers. This can cause significant power response gaps (holes in the off-axis frequency response), as well as excessive distortion in the frequency range most sensitive to the ear. Dedicating a subsystem specifically to the midrange frequencies solves many of the problems that occur with two-way designs where crossover is directly placed in the vocal region. In addition, horn loading minimizes power response problems in the crossover areas. The large horn throat of VA midrange subsystems allows wavefront development and directivity at extremely low distortion. At the same time, the horn serves as an impedance-matching device to increase the midrange transducer's output for a given input.

To achieve broadband pattern control - the key to arrayability - VA Technology employs a number of advanced horn loading techniques in all three subsystems. Because they are designed specifically to array, VA loudspeakers minimize interference between adjacent loudspeakers, provide accurate and consistent array coverage with steep roll-offs beyond the defined dispersion angles.

The Horn-Loaded, Three-Way System Solution

Virtual Array Technology employs advanced horn-loading techniques to achieve broadband pattern control -- the key to arrayability.

Since they were designed specifically to array, VA loudspeakers provide:

  • optimized array coverage
  • minimal interference between adjacent loudspeaker systems
  • accurate, consistent, high-powered coverage
  • steep roll-off beyond the defined coverage area

VA Technology loudspeakers are three-way systems built around Kenton Forsythe's midrange horn and displacement plug. Early in his career, Kenton realized that a minimum of three subsystems was required to achieve realistic reproduction of either speech or music. He was most concerned with the frequency range 250 Hz to 3k Hz - the human vocal range.

Dedicating a subsystem to the midrange solves many of the problems associated with two-way designs that place the crossover in the vocal region. Dividing the vocal range between creates power response gaps (holes in off-axis frequency response) as well as excessive distortion in just the frequency range where the ear is most sensitive to acoustical anomalies of any kind.

By dedicating a horn-loaded subsystem to cover the midband, power response problems in the crossover area are minimized. The large horn throat allows the wavefront to develop without distortion yet be efficiently directed to the defined coverage area. In addition, the horn serves as an impedance-matching device, increasing the driver's efficiency by an order of magnitude.

KF850/Stadium Array Series: The World Touring Standard

Built around the KF850 - the most accepted touring loudspeaker on the planet - the Stadium Array Series provides a variety of specialized loudspeaker systems that create custom-configured touring arrays.

Traditional arrays (top) provide uneven coverage while VA Technology covers evenly over a wide frequency range.

The Series includes:

Road-worthy construction and efficient truck packing are essential qualities for touring loudspeakers. That means making the systems as compact and sturdy as possible.

The KF850 coaxial three-way design places the HF driver and horn in the LF cone's Wave Guide Cavity to minimize the enclosure volume. Acoustic Refraction Control prevents interaction between the two subsystems.

EAW builds touring loudspeakers exclusively from 15mm cross-grain laminated 18-ply-to-the-inch Baltic birch plywood. This enclosure material is then coated with proprietary urethanes to achieve a hard, durable finish that has survived up to a decade on the road.

Finally, we ergonomically engineered the systems for easy load-in. Easy-to-use flytracks accept industry standard clips. Handles are placed on centers of gravity and only heavy-duty casters are specified.

ARC™: Acoustic Refraction Control™

To create a true three-way system like the KF650 that was manageable in size, efficient use of space was critical. Since the woofer need only handle frequencies up to 250 Hz, we were able to mount the high frequency subsystem within the woofer horn.

Testing in our automated measurement facility revealed that small amounts of energy at the bottom of the HF range were refracting or "wrapping around" the HF waveguide and radiating back down the LF horn. This energy would then reflect off the woofer cone and arrive in the listening area significantly later than the original HF sound, blurring staccato sounds like percussion.

To alleviate this problem, the Acoustic Refraction Control (ARC) device was developed using a proprietary material that would be transparent to low frequencies yet absorb high frequencies. The ARC is mounted in the woofer cavity directly behind the HF horn. It absorbs the reflected HF sound waves while allowing LF energy to pass through unobstructed. While testing this new system, a fringe benefit to using ARC was discovered. Not only does it absorb refracted HF energy, it also acoustically filters harmonic distortion from the woofer which cannot be eliminated by active or passive crossovers. Again, since all ARC filtering occurs above the LF subsystem crossover, the woofer's intended response is unaffected.




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